German cardinal, Archbishop of Munich and Freising, known for his progressive positions and influential role in Church reform, particularly during the German synodal path and on economic issues.
| criterion | tendency |
|---|---|
| Moral doctrine | Very progressive |
| Liturgy | Progressive |
| Sociopolitical | Progressive |
| Relationship with Pope Francis | Very progressive |
| Dialogue | Very progressive |
| Communication | Progressive |
| Overall tendency | Very progressive |
Cardinal Reinhard Marx advocates for a progressive approach to moral doctrine. He has called for changes in the Church's teaching on homosexuality, stating that 'homosexuality is not a sin' and emphasizing the importance of love and commitment in relationships regardless of gender. He has also acknowledged blessing same-sex couples and supports the idea that Church doctrine can develop over time.
Cardinal Marx supports liturgical practices that reflect contemporary understanding and inclusivity. While not opposing traditional liturgy, he emphasizes the need for the Church to evolve and adapt its practices to better serve the faithful in modern contexts.
Cardinal Marx is actively engaged in sociopolitical issues, advocating for greater European unity and social justice. He emphasizes the Church's role in supporting social and political cohesion in Europe and has been involved in discussions on economy, ecology, and migration.
Cardinal Marx maintains a close relationship with Pope Francis, serving as a key advisor and member of the Council of Cardinals. Despite offering his resignation over the Church's handling of sexual abuse cases, which the Pope declined, he continues to support and implement the Pope's vision for Church reform.
Cardinal Marx is committed to interreligious dialogue, emphasizing the importance of understanding and cooperation between different faiths. He has highlighted the need for dialogue between Christianity and Islam, advocating for mutual respect and peaceful coexistence.
Cardinal Marx is known for his open and transparent communication style. He has publicly addressed issues within the Church, including the sexual abuse crisis, and has taken responsibility for institutional failures, demonstrating a commitment to accountability and reform.
German cardinal, former prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, known for his very conservative positions and vigorous defense of traditional doctrine.
German cardinal, Archbishop of Cologne, known for his conservative positions and controversial leadership, particularly in handling sexual abuse and his opposition to certain reforms.
United States
American cardinal, patron of the Order of Malta, known for his very conservative positions on liturgy and doctrine, and his open opposition to certain orientations of Pope Francis' pontificate.
Guinea
Guinean cardinal, former prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship, known for his very conservative positions on liturgy and doctrine, and his deep attachment to Catholic tradition.
Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan cardinal with strong traditionalist positions, known for his attachment to traditional liturgy and defense of Catholic doctrine.
Netherlands
age: 71
Dutch cardinal, Archbishop of Utrecht, physician and bioethicist, known for his very conservative positions on bioethical and moral issues, and his defense of traditional doctrine.
Italy
age: 71
Italian cardinal, former vicar general of the pope for the diocese of Rome, known for his balance between liturgical tradition and moderate pastoral openness.
United States
age: 71
American cardinal, Bishop of San Diego, known for his progressive positions on social issues and his calls for greater inclusion in the Church, in line with Pope Francis.
Algeria
French cardinal, Archbishop of Algiers, Dominican, known for his commitment to Islamic-Christian dialogue and his open positions on pastoral issues in a minority context.
Italy
Italian cardinal, Prefect of the Dicastery for the Causes of Saints, close collaborator of Pope Francis, known for his open pastoral approach and implementation of reforms.
United Kingdom
British cardinal, Dominican, theologian and writer, known for his progressive vision of the Church, his commitment to dialogue and his accessible intellectual communication.
United Kingdom
British cardinal, Prefect of the Dicastery for Divine Worship, known for his balanced approach between respect for liturgical tradition and openness to reforms.
Portugal
Portuguese cardinal known for his pastoral approach and openness to modern issues, while maintaining a balance with tradition.
Brazil
Brazilian cardinal, Prefect of the Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life, known for his balanced approach in reforming religious life and his openness to dialogue.
Germany
German cardinal, Archbishop of Cologne, known for his conservative positions and controversial leadership, particularly in handling sexual abuse and his opposition to certain reforms.
Croatia
Croatian cardinal, Archbishop of Zagreb, known for his conservative positions on moral issues and his commitment to traditional values in a post-communist context.
Kenya
Kenyan cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Nairobi, known for his conservative positions on moral issues and his leadership in the growing African Church.
Italy
Italian cardinal, Secretary of State of the Holy See, experienced diplomat, known for his moderation and expertise in international relations, while maintaining balance with traditional doctrine.
Ecuador
Ecuadorian cardinal, Archbishop of Guayaquil, Franciscan, known for his pastoral work in popular communities and his fidelity to the traditional teachings of the Church.
Rwanda
Rwandan cardinal, the first from his country, who lost his family during the genocide, known for his work on national reconciliation and his attachment to traditional doctrine.
France
French cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Lyon, known for his missionary dynamism but whose career has been marked by controversy over the handling of sexual abuse in his diocese.
Kenya
Kenyan cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Nairobi, known for his conservative positions on moral issues and his leadership in the growing African Church.
France
French cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, known for his legal expertise and traditional doctrinal positions.
Kenya
Kenyan cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Nairobi, known for his conservative positions on moral issues and his leadership in the growing African Church.
Italy
Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Florence, known for his conservative doctrinal positions and intellectual work, while remaining engaged in pastoral dialogue.
India
Indian cardinal of Syro-Malankara rite, known for his attachment to the Eastern traditions of the Church and his defense of traditional moral doctrine.
